tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-24100017086815985252024-02-07T15:29:55.296-08:00Atlanta SpaceportSpace Science and Exploration updates from Georgia Tech's Planetary Science GroupKatiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08765870319496863441noreply@blogger.comBlogger10125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2410001708681598525.post-75892489052986640872013-07-19T13:33:00.001-07:002013-07-19T13:34:44.301-07:00Wave at Saturn<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1y7at69a_6oUdTQgQSul4B3tkOhhdMGaPVCS3pRKzx6RpGQWOATpc4Hb5ufgNYf9RsyzzuYQnr8YtsLlZMHMfAdNzYPSvl_CWPjYzrPGxdeSEUAz7E4EF80Iamvoy3XVt3hbaJkj2Zcs/s1600/wave.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="147" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1y7at69a_6oUdTQgQSul4B3tkOhhdMGaPVCS3pRKzx6RpGQWOATpc4Hb5ufgNYf9RsyzzuYQnr8YtsLlZMHMfAdNzYPSvl_CWPjYzrPGxdeSEUAz7E4EF80Iamvoy3XVt3hbaJkj2Zcs/s400/wave.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wave at Saturn Details:<br />http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/waveatsaturn/viewing/</td></tr>
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In just a few hours we all have the chance to get our
picture taken by one of the most amazing cameras, so comb your hair and smile
big for Cassini! This evening, from 5:27-5:42pm Eastern Time you have the
opportunity to be in the picture as Cassini will be taking an image of the
Earth from behind Saturn.</div>
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<br /></div>
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From a distance of nearly 10 AU (or about 1.44 billion
kilometers) the Earth will be about 1.5 pixels in size on Cassini’s megapixel
camera. The view will be similar to this:</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Image and more details at:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/waveatsaturn/">http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/waveatsaturn/</a><o:p></o:p></div>
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Those of us located in North America will be facing Saturn
(and therefore the Cassini spacecraft) at this time. If you’re not located in
North/South America fear not, you still can get photographed. Thanks to the
MESSENGER spacecraft, which is currently in orbit around Mercury, there will be
pictures taken tomorrow morning that will cover the other side of the Earth!<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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While having a few photons from the entire planet land on a
pixel at Cassini may not be the glamour shot you were hoping for, I still
encourage you to take a moment to enjoy the opportunity. So rarely do we have a
chance to be a part of something so much larger than our standard day-to-day
activities. Think about it: <o:p></o:p></div>
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* There’s a spacecraft named Cassini 929 million miles away
from the Earth.<o:p></o:p></div>
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* It launched in 1997 and took until 2004 to reach Saturn. <o:p></o:p></div>
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* It’s been orbiting Saturn and taking pictures and various
types of measurements ever since and transmitting that information back to
Earth on radio waves. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpPBel4JIE8h-SVN_jveToIobt5ovs1W33vYmOH8TQaSbOVkOq6-W9HbpEMvDTBReCc8eu0CrfdvfF1RE4dIOd7qn0Q2KssujTk7DV0NSvhSDWhaKvdiUOmlNKI5beiCevsxgKpZOEfoo/s1600/Pale_Blue_Dot.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><br /></a>It’s really pretty fantastic. The first photos of the Earth
from the Moon inspired generations of young scientists, engineers, artists,
writers, dreamers… it put our world in perspective. It gave context to this
amazing world we call home; demonstrating how beautiful, and how small, and how
delicate it truly is against the vastness of space. We have had very few
opportunities to see the Earth in such a unique way. In 1990 the Voyager 1 turned back toward the Earth at the request of Carl Sagan to take a last look at the Earth from 6 billion kilometers away as it sped (and continues to speed!) to the outer reaches of our solar system.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If you have a minute to Wave at Saturn, I encourage you to maybe take just
another 3 minutes to watch this inspiring video, which won the NASA Earth Day
Video Contest in 2011. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>‘One Earth’ by Fiona Conn</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/J75Nm2mTT0Y?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
If you can't view it here, check out this link:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J75Nm2mTT0Y&list=PL7D755AFE81D23935">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J75Nm2mTT0Y&list=PL7D755AFE81D23935</a><o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Carolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400113630308438874noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2410001708681598525.post-77447205505751905942013-06-22T21:05:00.003-07:002013-06-22T21:08:11.605-07:00Supermoon<div class="MsoNormal">
As if you needed an excuse to look up at the night sky, this
Sunday (June 23) the full moon will seem especially big and bright. It will be
most striking when it’s near the horizon.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
What causes a Supermoon?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Moon is an elliptical orbit around the Earth, meaning
that its distance from the Earth can vary from a minimum of 357,000 km to a
maximum of 407,000 km. The average perigee and apogee are 363,300 km and
405,500 km, respectively, and the variation over the course of the year is due
to the Sun's gravitational influence as the Earth and Moon move along their
orbit throughout the year. The coincidence of a full moon and the perigee
(closest distance) is what dictates a Supermoon, which is what will occur on
Sunday. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
What to expect:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
On Sunday the Moon will be at true perigee at 7:32am, and
will be visible at sunset that evening. The Moon will appear to be about 7%
bigger than an average full moon (14% bigger than when the Moon is at apogee). The
effect will be most noticeable when the Moon is rising/setting as objects on
the horizon lend scale to the night sky.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It should be beautiful if the clouds permit :-)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEpk-SKwoxjNYs9SSz1g9SWtgJJPWcGV_ATetXN-3UHkoL0ATbkqh-gAOI70g-H7pLPAHO5VqBPpD13y26abJ8TLDsp8gZH6OFVldmyeFnhTd1qosSj07gCTCMQUHB0toCKwWDdTE7dKw/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-06-23+at+12.01.32+AM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEpk-SKwoxjNYs9SSz1g9SWtgJJPWcGV_ATetXN-3UHkoL0ATbkqh-gAOI70g-H7pLPAHO5VqBPpD13y26abJ8TLDsp8gZH6OFVldmyeFnhTd1qosSj07gCTCMQUHB0toCKwWDdTE7dKw/s320/Screen+Shot+2013-06-23+at+12.01.32+AM.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: start;">
Tonight's moon (from my point and shoot camera) is already looking very big an bright!</div>
<div>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For more information about the Moon, this Sunday’s
supermoon, and the Moon Illusion, read out this article from Sky and Telescope's
Blog:</div>
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<a href="http://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/highlights/Supermoon-June2013-212330751.html">http://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/highlights/Supermoon-June2013-212330751.html</a><o:p></o:p></div>
Carolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400113630308438874noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2410001708681598525.post-18344939844430574352012-07-04T13:55:00.001-07:002012-07-05T18:18:01.857-07:00Landing on Mars in just one month!<span id="goog_142523156"></span><span id="goog_142523157"></span><style>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">Well, okay, it's a month
and a day. But today is Independence Day
here in the U.S., and while contemplating achievements that are so far uniquely
American, landing on Mars and successfully doing science there stands out in my
mind.</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/hires/vl2_21c056.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="195" src="http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/hires/vl2_21c056.gif" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Viking 2 image from the surface of Mars. <a href="http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/html/object_page/vl2_21c056.html">http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/html/object_page/vl2_21c056.html</a></td></tr>
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The first successful landings were by Vikings 1 and 2 in 1976,
our bicentennial year. In fact, Viking 1
was originally scheduled to land on the 4th of July, until late June
of that year when its orbiting mother ship snapped the first detailed photo of
its intended landing site and found it was way too rough to ensure a safe
landing. A safer site was found in time
to land 16 days later on an equally historic date, July 20th ("One
small step..."). Over two decades later, Mars Pathfinder touched down safely on the 4th of July, 1997.</div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">NASA has had the good
fortune (along with brilliant, meticulous engineering) to succeed at 6 of 7
attempts to land on Mars. The odd one
out was Mars Polar Lander, which in 1999 apparently descended safely to a
tantalizing 40 meters (130 feet) above the Martian surface before its
retrorockets turned off prematurely and it free-fell to a crash landing. Ironically, NASA has failed more frequently at
Mars missions that didn't even attempt to land, including the Mariner 3 flyby
mission and the planned orbiters Mariner 8, Mars Observer, and Mars Climate
Orbiter. We've enjoyed a 100% success
rate in the past decade, but getting to Mars safely is still a challenge.</span><br />
<br />
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</div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">The Challenges of
Getting to Mars: Curiosity's Seven Minutes of Terror. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">Late
at night on August 5th (technically 1:30 AM EDT on August 6th),
the Mars Science Laboratory mission will attempt to land the massive and highly
capable Curiosity rover. Because of
Curiosity's unprecedented mass, a new landing system must be used for the first
time. The above video describes the
awesome complexity of this system, which includes the planned detonation of <a href="http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1243">76
pyrotechnic charges ("fireworks")</a>. For the rover, it will be quite a ride. If you're here in Atlanta, you can watch the
action live in the Centergy Building in Tech Square: come join our <a href="http://marslandingparty.com/">Mars Landing Party</a>!</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxJFg5YpxzzzEbk3bGdRFaX7HGholq4oLgixIGlct-Mpz2YGxGWJc6Th1uFkExxmzemuSRGkBf3jWxbuSyXzUnn8KWWRSb6idiukOUxzcWEmwmvvnMFTCpxBa-LfTijNodbpASOkq9Dbs/s1600/Wray_AtlantaSpaceportPost_2012-07-04.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxJFg5YpxzzzEbk3bGdRFaX7HGholq4oLgixIGlct-Mpz2YGxGWJc6Th1uFkExxmzemuSRGkBf3jWxbuSyXzUnn8KWWRSb6idiukOUxzcWEmwmvvnMFTCpxBa-LfTijNodbpASOkq9Dbs/s320/Wray_AtlantaSpaceportPost_2012-07-04.png" width="317" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gale crater, with Curiosity's landing ellipse in black and superposed approximate landing ellipse previously considered for Spirit (blue). <a href="http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA15687">http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA15687</a></td></tr>
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Where will Curiosity land?
In Gale crater, a massive impact scar 150 kilometers (95 miles) across
that holds a mountain of sedimentary rocks—Mount Sharp—over 5 km (3 miles)
high. The plan is to land on the flat
northern crater floor and then to climb Mt. Sharp, examining each sedimentary
layer as we cross it – analogous to reading a Martian history book, one page at
a time. Gale's sedimentary record is
thicker than that exposed in western America's Grand Canyon, and it has been a
high-priority Martian landing site for years now. It was briefly considered as a destination
for the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit, but Spirit's landing system was much less
precise, and would have risked landing on the rugged crater walls or the steep
slopes of Mt. Sharp. Curiosity can
instead target a small area known to be relatively safe from extensive orbital
imaging, this time acquired well in advance of the planned landing date.</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">Happy 4th of
July, and keep crossing your fingers for Curiosity. Pending a safe landing, she will change our
perceptions of Mars for years to come.</span><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></i>Jameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03692949699763290179noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2410001708681598525.post-1595594785348237852012-06-01T20:05:00.000-07:002012-06-01T20:05:34.792-07:00Looking for Life on Mars: Two Months Until MSL Lands!<span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">During a time when the future of
human exploration in space is uncertain, robotic explorers have taken the lead
in pushing the boundaries of discovery. In just two months on August 5, 2012,
the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL for short) will land on the red planet in
pursuit of one of the most fundamental and important questions in science
today: Is there or was there life outside of Earth? To do this, scientists and
engineers have designed and built a multifaceted rover that will attack the
problem with a suite of specialized instruments. This machine is no “point and
shoot” camera. MSL is truly a complex autonomous laboratory capable of taking
samples, processing and handling them, imaging, taking spectra, and assessing
the chemistry and mineralogy of the samples it processes.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><i>An artist’s rendering of MSL landing on Mars.</i></span><span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><a href="http://swri.org/4org/d15/planetsci/mars.htm" style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://swri.org/4org/d15/planetsci/mars.htm</span></a></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
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<span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />One of the instruments whose primary goal it is to assess whether or not life once existed in sedimentary mounds on Mars is called SAM, which stands for Sample Analysis at Mars. SAM will search for preserved compounds that either indicate past biologic activity or are the essential precursors to life. To answer this question, SAM will first seek to understand the nature of the carbon compounds and other key elemental ingredients to life such as hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur. These organic materials were initially deposited on both early Mars and early Earth by asteroids and comets at a rate over 1,000,000 kilograms per year. On Earth, an active biosphere reprocessed the original organics over the last four and a half billion years, but what happened to them on Mars? If life did indeed exist on Mars very early in its history, it is possible that the clues have been erased or reworked. It is also possible that SAM will discover organic compounds that have not been reworked by life, but instead by radiation and reactive surface complexes. The scientists on the SAM team certainly have their work cut out for them in piecing together this complicated puzzle.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><i>The SAM instrument pre-launch.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://science.gsfc.nasa.gov/sed/index.cfm?fuseAction=projects.main&navOrgCode=699&navTab=nav_about_us"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small;">http://science.gsfc.nasa.gov/sed/index.cfm?fuseAction=<br />projects.main&navOrgCode=699&navTab=nav_about_us</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Another interesting question that SAM will be able to answer
is whether or not methane is being released on the surface of Mars today.
Methane is an important marker of biologic activity on Earth (think of cows)
and if it was discovered to be fluctuating on Mars, it could indicate activity
of living organisms. In 2003, a summer release of methane was reported to be
coming from a particular region on Mars. While this observation was a tricky
one to make using Earth-based telescopes, heavily questioned by the scientific
community, and still yet to be confirmed by another instrument, it has the
potential to have profound implications about life on Mars. SAM will be able to
measure even the tiniest amount of methane and monitor its changes over time.
The question of the existence and cycling of methane will be elucidated by SAM
as well as other important questions about the atmosphere and climate of our planetary neighbor. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuLMQM7dBuWeP0MsR8Ljj2wCZL3DagHOAbTs35Z-KYZZE0iUDCDB24woDzLasDcl1pt7R6DO3fyQUYRSyJRlpo5NfUFFCHnP7fdDsxgbxkFKfNMfVcbdkhPcGx-7mj-r47Ynebq_z6xSP6/s1600/methane-mars.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuLMQM7dBuWeP0MsR8Ljj2wCZL3DagHOAbTs35Z-KYZZE0iUDCDB24woDzLasDcl1pt7R6DO3fyQUYRSyJRlpo5NfUFFCHnP7fdDsxgbxkFKfNMfVcbdkhPcGx-7mj-r47Ynebq_z6xSP6/s1600/methane-mars.jpeg" /></span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><i>Graphic depicting methane concentration<br />during the 2003 northern summer on Mars </i><i>observed release of methane</i><i>.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://www.world-science.net/othernews/091209_mars-methane.htm">http://www.world-science.net/othernews/091209_mars-methane.htm</a></span></div>
</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Geological evidence suggests that early Mars is a much
different than the vast, cold, dry desert we observe today. It had an active
hydrologic cycle, a protective magnetic field and thicker atmosphere. It was
probably warmer and maybe even had an ocean. Also, the last few decades of
astrobiological research have proven that life is capable of surviving in the
most “extreme” corners of the Earth. It is still possible that life developed
and thrived in this early Martian environment, and MSL will begin to probe for
clues that may show us earthlings that we have company.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKJlMPCYenXVB0W_yQ3uBpazSjDCpOdHfjb9cszEyN9HxUKvk1YFmnOMIY54pdD8BLbLDdaXn-2-DTuN1bjZr-seL344zLQ1t0AlMtrYwKK8lUBS9dHX7zOx2jWHnmKehph8fPGZ0oTrbR/s1600/ApexChert.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKJlMPCYenXVB0W_yQ3uBpazSjDCpOdHfjb9cszEyN9HxUKvk1YFmnOMIY54pdD8BLbLDdaXn-2-DTuN1bjZr-seL344zLQ1t0AlMtrYwKK8lUBS9dHX7zOx2jWHnmKehph8fPGZ0oTrbR/s320/ApexChert.jpeg" width="301" /></span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><i>Image of the >3.4 billion year old Apex Chert, the first known body fossils found on Earth. Will we ever find something similar on Mars?</i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/biobookpaleo2.html">http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/biobookpaleo2.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>Mary Beth Wilhelmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10273825302483892451noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2410001708681598525.post-2555359636703846162012-05-22T17:59:00.000-07:002012-06-04T05:45:16.601-07:00Venus TransitThis year has been a pretty good one so far for Earth based observations, with the Super Moon and great views of the outer planets. But it's about to get even better! Depending on where you are, you'll be able to see this year's Venus transit on either June 5th or 6th. Here's some info about it.<br />
<br />
<b>What is a transit?</b><br />
A transit occurs when a planet moves across the face of a star. In our solar system, there are only 2 planets that we can observe transiting from Earth: Mercury and Venus. But transits do occur in all planetary systems. The Kepler telescope uses the dip in light caused by a transit to find extrasolar planets.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-v2IwhM6YrzkM91WZxbUoGEsV7q4uU-FDlIo0eKQPqhtyxnSrOy_fdyDQonzEi__HinyS7xLpv_dOXQ3C5RawGV7t1nXIs_udDkMbal1L4_-0wZRiniF2UP_L3a0fnRDTEbg1ZOWXbka6/s1600/60215main_venus_trace.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-v2IwhM6YrzkM91WZxbUoGEsV7q4uU-FDlIo0eKQPqhtyxnSrOy_fdyDQonzEi__HinyS7xLpv_dOXQ3C5RawGV7t1nXIs_udDkMbal1L4_-0wZRiniF2UP_L3a0fnRDTEbg1ZOWXbka6/s1600/60215main_venus_trace.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image courtesy of http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/watchtheskies/venus_transit.html</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<b>Why is it important?</b><br />
There are a few reasons this Venusian transit is important:<br />
<ol>
<li>This is a pretty rare opportunity. Venusian transits occur in pairs, 8 years apart. The first transit of this pair occurred in 2004. But the time between each pair of transits is really long; the last pair occurred in the late 19th century. So this is the last viewable transit for a few generations. Read more about this at <a href="http://www.transitofvenus.org/education/science-math/141-rare-alignment">the rare alignment page.</a></li>
<li>We don't get a lot of chances to look at Venus from Earth. It's pretty close to the sun, and so most of our telescopes either get overwhelmed by the sun or can't pick out Venus. As it's transiting, we can see some details in silhouette. </li>
</ol>
<br />
<br />
<b>Where can I view the Venus transit (in Atlanta)?</b><br />
In North America, the transit will be visible in the evening of June 5th. That does not mean visible as in "look straight at the sun." That's never a good idea. However, there will be several observatories with solar filters on their telescopes.<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>Check out a local observatory</li>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://astronomy.gatech.edu/">The Georgia Tech Observatory</a>: Observatory opens at 6:00 PM</li>
<li><a href="http://www.agnesscott.edu/academics/bradleyobservatory">Bradley Observatory at Agnes Scott College</a></li>
<li><a href="http://nightsky.jpl.nasa.gov/event-view.cfm?Event_ID=33938">The Fernbank Observatory</a>: Observatory opens at 6 PM. Planetarium will be open from 5:30-9:30 to watch west coast streaming.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<li>Head to a meet up of local amateur astronomers</li>
<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.meetup.com/AtlantaScienceTavern/events/64233372/">Meet up at Grant Park</a>: starting at 5:30 PM</li>
<li><a href="http://atlantaastronomy.org/">The Atlanta Astronomy Club</a>: event at Stone Mountain, 4-8 PM, RSVP requested</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<li>Watch online</li>
<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://sunearthday.nasa.gov/2012/transit/webcast.php">Live Webcast from Mauna Kea Observatory</a></li>
</ul>
The map below shows where and when the transit will be visible- North America catches it during sunset on June 5th.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5igxzoK3DhxzF4dltMruJ9bWAIsgBuSWjTMz7aZO_rkXpMpAirsqF2DSY18giUvLvnoOGXhZ5bCpCHVTbvNlyQIlQ37luwodTxQFpMODpyT5DvvXeRZ2R_ootZmoDFCvmF4uyMA6KIXxg/s1600/TOV2012-Fig01.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5igxzoK3DhxzF4dltMruJ9bWAIsgBuSWjTMz7aZO_rkXpMpAirsqF2DSY18giUvLvnoOGXhZ5bCpCHVTbvNlyQIlQ37luwodTxQFpMODpyT5DvvXeRZ2R_ootZmoDFCvmF4uyMA6KIXxg/s400/TOV2012-Fig01.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image Courtesy of http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/OH/tran/TOV2012-Fig01.pdf</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
If you can't make it to an observatory, or don't live near Atlanta, there are several safe methods for observing the transit on your own. <a href="http://www.transitofvenus.org/">Transit of Venus</a> has lots of information about eye safety. We hope you get a chance to see this historic transit!Katiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08765870319496863441noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2410001708681598525.post-13515220206431026432012-05-17T21:11:00.001-07:002012-05-17T21:11:50.263-07:00Solar Eclipse this Sunday!If you live in the western US (or Japan or China) you are in for a treat this Sunday (May 20th): there is going to be a solar eclipse! This eclipse is actually what is known as an annular eclipse due to the fact that the outer edge of the Sun will remain visible throughout the eclipse. Due to the geometry of the eclipse, some locations will observe a partial eclipse, while others will be lucky enough to see the complete annular eclipse. Sadly, those of us on the east coast will not be able to see the eclipse at all as sunset occurs before the eclipse starts. The following clip explains a lot more details about this Sunday's event:<br /><br />
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<br />
This should make for a truly stunning sight! Do remember that even with the Moon blocking most of the Sun's disk, the remaining light it still very intense and you should *never* look directly at the Sun without proper solar viewing glasses/telescope filters. If you find yourself without proper viewing devices you can always watch a projection of the Sun during the eclipse. A few small holes in a piece of cardboard will do the trick to watch 'many eclipses' projected on the ground, as will watching the light and shadows cast through tree branches!<br />
<br />
The following website has viewing information for all states where the eclipse will be visible before the Sun sets: <a href="http://shadowandsubstance.com/" target="_blank">http://shadowandsubstance.com/ </a><br />
<br />
<span style="text-align: left;">Now go outside and enjoy the show this Sunday! </span><br />
<span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><br />
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<a href="http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/RingOfFire_mammana_big.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="256" src="http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/RingOfFire_mammana_big.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Photo Credit: <a href="http://www.dennismammana.com/about.htm" target="_blank">Dennis Mammana</a> (1992)<br />Astronomy Picture of the Day: http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap090125.html</div>
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<a href="http://shadowandsubstance.com/" target="_blank"></a> Carolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400113630308438874noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2410001708681598525.post-51893002086101857632012-05-14T13:42:00.000-07:002012-05-14T13:49:28.873-07:00Supermoon! *Photo Update*<div align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
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<a href="http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/jpegMod/PIA14011_modest.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/jpegMod/PIA14011_modest.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Source: http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA14011</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">As if you
needed an excuse to look up at the night sky, this Saturday (May 5) the full
moon will seem especially big and bright. It will be most striking when it’s
near the horizon.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">The moon is an
elliptical orbit around the Earth, meaning that its distance from the Earth can
vary from a minimum of 357,000 km to a maximum of 407,000 km (the average
perigee and apogee are 363,300 km and 405,500 km, respectively, and the
variation over the course of the year is due to the Sun's gravitational
influence as the Earth and Moon move along their orbit throughout the year).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">The
coincidence of a full moon and the perigee (closest distance) is what dictates
a Supermoon, which is what will occur on Saturday. Not only is this when the
moon is at perigee, it is on the closest edge of the range of orbital perigees
locations. The effect will be most noticeable when the Moon is rising/setting
as objects on the horizon lend scale to the night sky.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">It should be
beautiful if the clouds permit :)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
For more information on this Saturday’s
supermoon:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://www.accuweather.com/en/outdoor-articles/astronomy/supermoon-alert-biggest-full-m/64627" target="_blank">http://www.accuweather.com/en/outdoor-articles/astronomy/supermoon-alert-biggest-full-m/64627</a> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;"><b><u>Update</u></b>: While I'm not really a photographer, my friend Brian is! Check out his great image of the Supermoon last week:</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsnJuoRo40cgJgZp_E9rcgt_pKeu4hhUY0c4b72694fb-GTIfhZQnp3oZDTUJY5HDhtN7VW-CtZXvMWJPbzFZ-79QE6o1ZviwRLBHf57ZccXCKSRbpgkQc_-OqZjIgTK0jTALqYADptWM/s1600/Supermoon_BrianPersten.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsnJuoRo40cgJgZp_E9rcgt_pKeu4hhUY0c4b72694fb-GTIfhZQnp3oZDTUJY5HDhtN7VW-CtZXvMWJPbzFZ-79QE6o1ZviwRLBHf57ZccXCKSRbpgkQc_-OqZjIgTK0jTALqYADptWM/s320/Supermoon_BrianPersten.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Image Source: Brian Persten :)</div>
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span>Carolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400113630308438874noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2410001708681598525.post-28523406660075024292012-05-13T12:17:00.000-07:002012-05-14T13:27:30.090-07:00Giant Sunspot!<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Hello again Space Enthusiasts! Just a week after the Supermoon we are witnessing another fantastic space phenomena... a giant sunspot:</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin-5GQeX8F7Q9buJkxOcFSHEArgicTSzegiE1RKOgzz-xJKOCKOmX4uxsrSKQnLF0gIgjCDHrZ6pa_rgaMvE9M-1Rx4Q781UtQK1j4wHZTUf-ODEvnfamV65BrIbQVAzMP28G4BZ8mSxY/s1600/hmi4096_5_11_12.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin-5GQeX8F7Q9buJkxOcFSHEArgicTSzegiE1RKOgzz-xJKOCKOmX4uxsrSKQnLF0gIgjCDHrZ6pa_rgaMvE9M-1Rx4Q781UtQK1j4wHZTUf-ODEvnfamV65BrIbQVAzMP28G4BZ8mSxY/s320/hmi4096_5_11_12.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Image Source: Solar Dynamics Observatory HMI Intesitygram</div>
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http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/</div>
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For scale, this magnetically active region is larger than the Earth! On May 10th this active region released an intense <a href="http://www.spaceweather.com/glossary/flareclasses.html" target="_blank">M-Class solar flare</a>. There did not appear to be any large Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) associated with this flare, however only a day later a CME did occur that is now en route to the Earth. This bundle of energetic plasma is due to arrive at Earth's magnetosphere on May 14th, and may result in enhanced geomagnetic activity.</div>
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So you may be wondering just how frequently sunspots occur, and whether this large sunspot is unique. The answer is that the Sun is a highly dynamic object, and goes through a cycle of magnetic activity that lasts approximately 11 years and is associated with the magnetic field of the Sun reversing direction. During this cycle the Sun goes from a pretty quiescent disk to one with sunspots increasing in frequency, size, and intensity. We've been telescopically observing and cataloguing sunspots since the early 1600s, and have found a beautifully repeating pattern:</div>
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<a href="http://www.globalwarmingart.com/images/2/28/Sunspot_Numbers.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="170" src="http://www.globalwarmingart.com/images/2/28/Sunspot_Numbers.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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Image Source: http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/File:Sunspot_Numbers_png </div>
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We are currently ramping up to solar maximum (in 2012-2013), and therefore should see an increase in the number of sunspots and the amount of solar activity like flares, and CMEs. When the packet of energetic plasma and magnetic field that make up a CME reaches the Earth it can have a wide range of effects from generating beautifully intense aurora to damaging space borne assets to disrupting GPS and communication systems. In only the most extreme cases can the resulting geomagnetic storm (which is the general term used to describe a perturbation to the Earth's magnetosphere during a CME encounter) cause damage to electric power grids and oil pipelines, and cause redirection of cross-polar flights.<br />
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To get a realtime look at the Sun, check out the websites of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (<a href="http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/" target="_blank">SDO</a>), <a href="http://stereo.gsfc.nasa.gov/" target="_blank">STEREO</a>, and the SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory (<a href="http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/home.html" target="_blank">SOHO</a>). At these sites you can view the Sun in the visible light emission (like the image above), and also see what the Sun looks like in the UltraViolet or UV part of the spectrum (in false color of course since we can't see at those wavelengths). You can also get Space Weather updates, alerts, and other great news at <a href="http://www.spaceweather.com/" target="_blank">www.SpaceWeather.com</a>!<br />
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<a href="http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/assets/img/latest/latest_1024_0094.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/assets/img/latest/latest_1024_0094.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/assets/img/latest/latest_1024_1700.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/assets/img/latest/latest_1024_1700.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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The Sun in the EUV (9.4 nm) and FUV (170 nm).</div>
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Image Source: http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/</div>
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<b>One last riddle to leave you with: </b><b style="text-align: center;">When is a sunspot not a sunspot?</b></div>
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<b>Answer: </b></div>
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<b>When it's a Venus Transit!!! <u>Coming on June 5th</u>! </b></div>
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<b>A post on this exciting event is coming soon!</b></div>Carolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400113630308438874noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2410001708681598525.post-80123448192819293072012-05-04T07:38:00.000-07:002012-05-04T07:38:04.876-07:00Fly me to a moon... or two... or three!The European Space Agency (ESA) has chosen its next major mission: it's headed to Jupiter to check out three of the planet's largest moons. The JUICE mission, which stands for JUpiter ICy moon Explorer, is expected to launch in 2022 and arrive at the Jupiter system in 2030.<br />
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<a href="http://www.esa.int/images/JuiceC.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.esa.int/images/JuiceC.jpg" width="226" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Source: http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEM9I4QWJ1H_index_0.html</span></div>
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The ESA's selection of the JUICE mission is an exciting
decision that affects planetary scientists around the world. It will provide a
path for exploration of the outer solar system that will extend well beyond the
current Cassini, Juno and New Horizons missions, which will all conclude within
the next six years. In selecting this mission, the ESA sends a message to the
scientific community that exploration of the outer solar system is an important
priority.<br />
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Once JUICE arrives in the Jovian system in 2030, it will perform several flyby
encounters of Callisto and Europa, and finally transfer to a suite of orbits
about Ganymede. This mission is the first orbiter of an icy moon and provides
the opportunity to study the potential for habitability of worlds around gas
giant planets. <br />
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<a href="http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/jpeg/PIA09352.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="216" src="http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/jpeg/PIA09352.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Source: http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA09352</span></div>
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Ganymede is definitely my favorite, as I spent most of my graduate career
studying this exciting moon. It is the largest moon in the solar system.
It has a liquid water ocean beneath its icy surface. It also has aurora and is
the only moon we know of that has its own magnetic field. This mission
specifically seeks to characterize the extent of the subsurface ocean and its
relationship to the interior structure of this fascinating moon. It will also
examine the composition, distribution and evolution of surface features, and,
through in situ measurements, will aid in our understanding of Ganymede's the
near-space environment.<br />
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Ganymede is not the only object to be studied by this mission, the spacecraft
will also spend time studying Jupiter as an archetype for a gas giant (of which
we now have hundreds of exoplanet examples!). It will study Jupiter's
atmosphere and magnetosphere and the coupled interactions of Jupiter and its
family of icy moons. The mission also plans to execute several flyby encounters
of Europa and Callisto, which will allow us to take a closer look at these
beautifully diverse examples of icy worlds. Callisto is one of the oldest surfaces
and represents a history of the early Jovian system. Its interior structure is
a mystery, and we're excited to get better images and measurements to learn
more about how this body formed and what it can tell us about the earliest
'recorded' period in the solar system. Europa has a subsurface ocean that is
likely in direct contact with silicates and has demonstrated recent activity.
The induced currents and magnetic fields generated in its ocean give us direct
clues as to its depth and composition (compositions, along with
features/structures on the surface, can tell us how active it is and where
materials are sourced from).<br />
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All in all it is a very exciting time to be a planetary scientist, and I look
forward to seeing this mission develop over the next decade in preparation for
launch!<o:p></o:p><br />
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<a href="http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/figures/PIA04532_legend.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="66" src="http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/figures/PIA04532_legend.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Source: http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA04532</span></div>
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Story reposted from my GT release: http://amplifier.gatech.edu/articles/2012/05/next-stop-jupiter </div>
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<!--EndFragment-->Carolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400113630308438874noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2410001708681598525.post-9041933036827328942011-11-26T19:51:00.001-08:002011-11-30T11:50:36.059-08:00Mars Science Lab LaunchesThe new Mars Science Lab successfully launched from Kennedy Space Center on Saturday morning:<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QCNsKricls?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
The Curiosity rover will spend 8.5 months en route to Mars. Once it's entered the Martian atmosphere, Curiosity will land with a novel landing system featured in the MSL Trailer produced by NASA:<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/KGdAzzRPe6E?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
The sky crane system is brand new. The Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, landed on Mars in 2003 using an airbag system that worked perfectly. Why not use the same, proven method for Curiosity?<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;">http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/228936main_rover-metric.jpg</td></tr>
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The new rover is significantly bigger and heavier than the MER's. The previous rovers were roughly the size of a golf cart, while Curiosity is about the size of Mini Cooper. What's in all that extra space? Some pretty cool science instruments.<br />
Curiosity will use its suite of onboard instruments to examine rocks, drill into surfaces, and bring samples on board for analysis. As the mission progresses, we'll go into more detail about the amazing science the rover will allow us to do from Earth.<br />
MSL isn't the only interplanetary mission en route to its destination at the moment; Juno, New Horizons, and the ongoing Dawn mission are all headed out from Earth. Check back in for updates as all the missions progress.Katiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08765870319496863441noreply@blogger.com0